The Symbolism Of The Journey

The Symbolism Of The Journey The imageries in the sonnet The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost and the short story I Used to Live Here Once by Jean Rhys have a comparative logical good perspective. Each bit of writing speaks to an excursion that is taken by the character. The differentiations of the two scholarly works are the topic and tone of the works. The correlation of the two works use the third individual perspective. The third individual view variety in The Road Not Taken is the use of the target perspective. As per Clugston, 2010, The third individual method is utilized in both the sonnet The Road not Taken and the short story I Used to Live Here Once; which is effective in permitting the peruser to grasp, sympathize envision each part of the excursion and how it was managed it. (Fuel Locations 2423-2439) According to Clugston, 2010, these abstract works use An outside storyteller who makes a disconnected way to deal with the move and characters, for the most part to make an emotional impact, and doesn't g o into their brains is utilizing a target perspective. (Fuel Locations 2437-2439) The moral story and theme parts of imagery utilized in both; I Used to Live Here Once, and The Road Not Taken give understanding in to the characters present and previous existence. Another imagery in the story I Used to Live Here Once, is the after death suggestion. This story suggests the character has moved from life to death. It investigates what the perished is feeling and what they are encountering in the afterlife. Another contrast between the sonnet and the short story is the writer Jean Rhys composes with a solemn tone, pondering demise and the great beyond. The portrayal of the characters position uncovers the seriousness of her soul. Her arms tumbled to her sides as she watched them stumbling into the grass to the house. That was the first occasion when she knew. (Fuel Locations 3792-3795) This is additionally the second she understands she has traversed. While the sonnet The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost speaks to life and its decisions to example or develop your life by or after. At that point took the other, as similarly as reasonable, And having maybe the better case, Because it was verdant and needed wear; Though with respect to that the going there Had worn them extremely about the equivalent. (Fuel Locations 783-784) The similar scholarly works utilize allegorical imagery all through the substance. The utilization of these similitudes is exceptionally shortsighted. As indicated by Aragno, 2009, The old style perspective on analogy (since Aristotle) as a result of language㠢ë†â€™the gadget of dramaturges and product of the lovely imagination㠢ë†â€™has offered path to a cutting edge comprehension of allegory as the manner in which we at first procedure and lucid new ideas. (p. 1) In the near writing the figurative imagery is spoken to in an unexpected way. In the sonnet by Frost, the illustration is portrayed by trees and streets. Two streets separated in a yellow wood, And sorry I was unable to travel both And be one voyager, long I stood And looked down one as far as Possible To where it twisted in the undergrowth. (Encourage Locations 778-780) The moral story idea is shown through the whole sonnet, which is a portrayal of the ethical part of decisions and choices that are a factor of life. The sonnet surmises two phases of life, more youthful and more established. Ice utilizes fundamental moral story references to stress his point and view. I will be telling this with a murmur Somewhere ages and ages thus: Two streets veered in a wood, and I-I took the one less went by, And that has had a significant effect. (Ignite Locations 791-793) According to George, 1991 Readers of The Road Not Taken have been cautioned by Frost himself against easygoing readings; he expressed that the sonnet is dubious and that its unpretentious joke contains a hit. (p. 230) This moral story reference in the sonnet permits the peruser to memory on close to home decisions that were made during comparable periods and stages throughout everyday life. Moreover in the short story I Used to Live Here Once additionally, permits the peruser to imagine dã © jã vu encounters experienced during life. Compliant with George, 1991, the abstract speaker of this sonnet alludes to a more established adaptation of self whom he assaults. From multiple points of view the speaker more seasoned and more youthful selves are similar. (p. 230) This theme is like the short story theme where the speaker alludes to life and passing. Every speaker is alluding to an excursion in life that must be taken, regardless of whether needed or not. Both abstract works utilize a subconscious imagery that resounds inside the peruser. These abstract works both execute an allegorical and persona reference of the creator. According to Wolfe, 1977, In the short story I Used to Live Here Once, Rhys returns in soul to the Caribbean home she had returned to really in the third story of the book, The Bishops Feast, a portrayal of her first homecoming, as a moderately aged lady, in a quarter century. This is emblematic of the outskirt she has quite recently crossed, and taking a gander at the nearby milestones. (p 300) The persona strategy used all through the sonnet and short story permits the peruser to propose appearances of the character from the account subject. As indicated by Newman, 2009, anecdotal characters are completely inserted in their discrete anecdotal settings, their comprehensibility is extended by the utilization of confining standards their investigation imparts to our comprehension of genuine people. Newman further cases that anecdotal characters, notwithstanding profiting intellectually from the projection of real world structures onto them, add to our comprehension of genuine world setups by restoring the projection back to their true models. (p. 73) This idea along these lines gives trustworthiness to numerous perusers conceptualizing the characters relationship to the creators. Each abstract work bears some similarity in a phase of the creators life cycle. There is a relative shared characteristic of the common theme of different portrayals of recognizable and new articles in both artistic works. As indicated by Aragno, 2009, After Goethe, he demonstrated that logical, just as artistic, keenness may communicate through wonderful symbolism: the sign of this indispensable, energetic envisionment is that it results from the calibrated, imaginative eyewitnesses endeavors to concretize and pass on new examples of comprehension. (p. 31) This ceaseless utilization of imagery permits the peruser to conceptualize various parts of life. By constantly seeing various angles the peruser gets fluctuated explanations of the sonnet. As indicated by Gibbs, 2011, Allegory is a subjective activity in which individuals apply a figurative method of comprehension to circumstances and talk that ordinarily doesn't contain allegorical language in essence. My case is that allegoresis is anything but a specific method of understanding, however a crucial human motivation to draw different associations among concrete and increasingly unique experience. (p. 121) This hypothesis fundamentally would represent perusers understanding of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken as a portrayal of just one period of lifes laments. When in reality the sonnet is intelligent of lifes whole excursion; it resembles investigating a mirror at whats behind you. Review this equivalent guideline with Jean Rhyss I Used to Live Here Once, perusers must depend just on the theoretical experience to close the characters demise. This correlative utilization of the purposeful anecdote subject permits the essayist to attract the peruser for investigation of the sonnet or storys relevant and calculated significance. One relative position for these artistic works is the utilization of an inexplicit sympathy reaction from the peruser. In The Road Not Taken the perusers sympathy is provoked by the content, I will be telling this with a moan Somewhere ages and ages thus: (Kindle Locations 791-792) This segment is deriving lament for decisions made during a previous phase of life, which summons compassion and considerations of broken dreams. In the short story I Used to Live Here Once, the perusers compassion is vexed with the stanza Her arms tumbled to her sides as she watched them stumbling into the grass to the house. That was the first occasion when she knew. (Encourage Locations 3792-3795) This last verse of the story leaves the peruser sympathizing with the characters acknowledgment of looking from the eyes of death. As indicated by Coplan, 2004, Several ongoing exact investigations demonstrate that perusers will in general embrace a situation inside the spatiotemporal system of stories that depends on the situation of the hero. (p. 141) what's more, Coplan, 2004, likewise states Empathy incorporates subjective and emotional procedures, making a mind boggling and dynamic mental experience that draws on various limits we have for associating and reacting to the world and those in it. The subjective part of compassion includes utilizing the creative mind to experience a move from ones own psychological viewpoint to the intellectual point of view of the objective person. (p. 143-144) This characteristic mental viewpoint quality permits the perusers to recognize and understand the account characters in both scholarly works. By sympathizing their creative mind perusers can encounter the characters torment, feelings, and viewpoints. This takes into consideration the perusers visual relationship without genuine physical affiliation. This is apparent in The Road Not Taken in which it states, Two streets wandered in a yellow wood, And sorry I was unable to travel both And be one explorer, long I stood And looked down one as far as Possible To where it twisted in the undergrowth. (Arouse Locations 778-780) This summons the perusers visual creative mind of looking down a street or road. In the sonnet I Used to Live Here Once, the accompanying extract permits the peruser to imagine the characters fervor of being home. The street was a lot more extensive than it used to be nevertheless the work had been done thoughtlessly. The felled trees had not been cleaned up and the shrubberies looked stomped on. However it was a similar street and she strolled along feeling remarkably upbeat. (Fuel Locations 3759-3761) The met

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Tramadol Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, and Treatment

Tramadol Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, and Treatment Addiction Coping and Recovery Print How Long Does Withdrawal From Tramadol Last? By Corinne O’Keefe Osborn linkedin Corinne Osborn is an award-winning health and wellness journalist with a background in substance abuse, sexual health, and psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Corinne O’Keefe Osborn Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 31, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 31, 2019 More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Signs and Symptoms Coping and Relief Warnings Long-Term Treatment Resources View All Back To Top Tramadol is a synthetic opioid. Unlike other synthetic opioids you may have heard about, like fentanyl, tramadol is far weaker than a traditional opioid. Its effects are mild enough that doctors often think of it as a safer alternative to stronger painkillers.?? But in recent years, reports of tramadol-related emergency room visits have begun to pile up. More and more doctors are reporting tramadol-dependent patients. And the list of potential tramadol withdrawal symptoms has continued to grow. Overview Tramadol use is on the rise. According to government statistics, prescriptions for tramadol increased 88 percent in just five years, from 23.3 million in 2008 to 43.8 million in 2013.?? With all that tramadol floating around, more and more people are finding themselves in trouble. Between 2005 and 2011, the number of tramadol-related emergency room visits involving abuse or misuse increased by 250 percent. Regardless of whether you are abusing it or taking it therapeutically, tramadol can cause tolerance and dependence. When you become physically dependent on a drug, you experience withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it.?? During tramadol withdrawal, you can expect to feel flu-ish and sick to your stomach. You may sweat and have the chills. You might have trouble sleeping and feel much more irritated and aggravated than usual. You might also experience varying degrees of anxiety and depression. Tramadol withdrawal symptoms typically begin within one or two days of your last dose and usually resolve in about a week. In most cases, the symptoms of tramadol withdrawal are going to be less intense than those that occur with other opioids, like heroin and oxycodone. Tramadol’s effects on the opioid receptors are comparatively mild, which means that it will be easier for your brain to adjust to its absence. Your withdrawal experience will also depend on the factors that led you to become dependent on tramadol in the first place, such as your level of pain and history of substance abuse. An opioid use disorder (addiction) presents additional complications. Signs and Symptoms An important study published in 2011 established, for the first time, that it is possible for humans to become physically dependent on tramadol. This is true even when taking it as directed by a doctor.?? When someone is physically dependent on a drug, it means they will experience withdrawal symptoms when they stop or reduce their dose. Tramadol works like an opioid, which means that many of its withdrawal symptoms resemble those of other opioid withdrawal syndromes. But unlike traditional opioids, tramadol has a significant effect on several of the brain’s other neurotransmitters, including serotonin.?? Because of this, you may experience additional withdrawal symptoms, including those more commonly associated with antidepressant withdrawal. When withdrawing from tramadol, you may experience any of the following symptoms:?? SweatingChillsIrritabilityAnxietyDiarrheaNausea or vomitingLoss of appetitePanic, paranoia, or panic attacksAches and pains in the muscles or jointsTrouble falling or staying asleepRunny nose, sneezing, or coughingGoosefleshAbdominal crampsRestless leg syndromeConfusion or deliriumHallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling things that aren’t there)AgitationPsychosisIncreased blood pressure or heart rateFast breathing Everyone’s withdrawal experience is different. It is impossible to predict exactly when your symptoms will start, how long they will last, or how severe they will be. Things that can influence your withdrawal experience include the duration of your drug use, how much you use, and how often you use. Other factors that can influence your withdrawal include:?? Your healthYour ageGeneticsYour mental healthYour other drug useYour history with substance abuse In a typical healthy adult, tramadol withdrawal begins one to two days after the last dose, peaks after day three, and subsides within one to two weeks. Coping and Relief If you’ve been taking tramadol for pain and found that reducing or stopping your dose causes uncomfortable symptoms, there are steps you can take to treat or avoid them, but you will need the help of a doctor. A tramadol taper is the simplest and most reliable way of preventing withdrawal before it begins. Tapering tramadol means that you take gradually smaller doses over the course of two or three weeks.?? There is no universal taper schedule that can tell you when to reduce your dose or by how much, so it is best done with the help of a doctor. Studies have shown that psychosocial approaches in conjunction with pharmacological interventions may improve outcomes as well.?? When done right, a taper should provide a smooth transition off of tramadol. Several case studies have found that benzodiazepines, like clonazepam or lorazepam, can help reduce tramadol withdrawal symptoms. This is particularly true in cases where anxiety, agitation, or restlessness is present.?? Other drugs that have been used to treat tramadol withdrawal include the hypertension medications clonidine and moxonidine. These drugs have a history of success being used off-label in the treatment of opioid withdrawal.?? Warnings Some people are at greater risk of a complicated withdrawal. While some people are solely dependent on tramadol, many people take it in combination with other substances. Among the thousands of people who visit the ER each year for problems related to tramadol abuse, about 71 percent report using one or more other drugs. The majority of these people combine tramadol with another painkiller or sedative.?? When people use several therapeutic or illicit drugs at the same time, they can develop multiple physical dependencies. If you have been combining or alternating your tramadol dose with another painkiller, like hydrocodone, your opioid dependence may be more severe. If you have become physically dependent on anti-anxiety medications (benzodiazepines) you are at risk of dangerous withdrawal complications, including seizures and delirium.   Tramadol is also associated with seizure activity. Seizures can occur in people both with and without a history of seizures. People with a history of seizures or traumatic brain injury may be at increased risk during tramadol withdrawal. Tramadol has been shown to lower the seizure threshold, making seizures more likely to occur.?? Your risk is also increased if you are taking other medications that lower the seizure threshold, such as antipsychotics. People over the age of 65 are also at increased risk of withdrawal complications. Older adults metabolize tramadol slower than younger people.?? This means that the drug has more powerful effects. In older adults, withdrawal may start later than normal and be more severe.   While it is not common, some people do appear to be more sensitive to tramadol withdrawal than others. If you or someone you love is experiencing confusion, hallucinations, delusions, or severe agitation, then you should bring them to the nearest emergency room. One other thing to be aware of is tramadol’s association with a dangerous condition called serotonin syndrome. Serotonin syndrome is unlikely to occur during withdrawal unless you relapse and take an unusually high dose.?? Serotonin syndrome typically occurs when you combine tramadol with one or more medications that also affect your body’s serotonin levels, such as antidepressants, MAOIs, migraine medications, or illicit drugs. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome, which can be deadly without treatment, include rapid heart rate, dilated pupils, twitching or rigid muscles, and heavy sweating.?? Long-Term Treatment If you developed a physical dependence on tramadol because you spent several months or years taking a therapeutic dose for your pain, then you probably won’t need any additional treatment. A taper should be enough to help you quit, as long as you have a plan to handle your pain in the future.?? But if you are among the many people who misuse or abuse tramadol, then you have a longer road ahead of you. Tramadol misuse means taking it in any way other than prescribed by your doctor, including taking larger or more frequent doses than you’re supposed to or mixing it with other medications. Tramadol abuse is when you use it to get high, use it to intensify the high of another drug, or use it to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms.?? A substance use disorder (addiction) is a complex disease that has both physical and psychological symptoms. The physical symptoms are your withdrawal symptoms, while the psychological symptoms are the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors surrounding your drug use.?? Research shows that a combination of medication and counseling is the best approach to opioid addiction. Depending on your circumstances, medication may mean a slow tramadol taper or the addition of opioid maintenance medications like buprenorphine or methadone.?? Some people choose to work one-on-one with a drug counselor or psychiatrist who can prescribe medication. Whereas others prefer the abstinence-based 12-step model. All of these methods have been shown to encourage long-term sobriety. In the long-term, many people chose the convenience of a free 12-step group, like Narcotics Anonymous. These social support groups are offered every day around the country. At meetings, you swap stories with people who have been where you are. Through a process of acceptance and participation, these groups give you the strength to stay clean and rebuild your life after addiction. Resources To find more information about Narcotics Anonymous check out their website. You can find a meeting near you with their searchable directory. To find a psychiatrist or psychologist who specializes in opioid use disorders, you can use this searchable directory from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) or call SAMHSA’s national helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357). A Word From Verywell Pain makes us desperate. When we’re in pain, it’s hard to think straight, let alone plan for the future, but you have to protect yourself from the opioid epidemic sweeping this country. It’s easy to think of tramadol as harmless compared to other opioids, but it is not harmless. Getting help right away will make all the difference in the world. Take this opportunity to nip your problem in the bud and secure a better future for yourself and your family. Precautions to Prevent Tramadol Drug Interactions and Overdose

The Relationship Between Father And Son in William...

Normally in life, you look up to your father to be the care taker and to encourage you to make your own decisions on what is right and what is wrong. You figure your father should have your best interest at heart and to show compassion for you. In William Faulkners short story Barn Burning, Abner is the opposite of the normal father figure you would see. Rather than encouraging his son, Sarty, to make his own decisions on what is right and what is wrong, Abner wants Sarty to lie for him to protect his freedom, so Abner won’t get caught for burning barns. Abner forces fear into Sarty to make sure he will lie for him†¦show more content†¦To make sure that when a judge or anyone asks about his father burning the barns, Sarty will not tell if Abner actually burned down the barns. Also, it shows how Abner would stoop so low to hit his own son for his own needs and how badly he didn’t want to get caught. Abner doesn’t want to get caught so he forces Sarty to lie for him and to make sure he won’t go against the family. â€Å"You’re getting to be a man. You got to learn. You got to learn to stick to your own blood or you ain’t going to have any blood to stick to you. Do you think either of them, any man there this morning, would? Don’t you know all they wanted was a chance to get at me because they knew I had them beat? Eh?† (p420) Abner wants Sarty to stay with the family and to not go against his family because he knows that if Sarty decides to tell the truth of what he did about burning the barns, Abner would go to jail or something worse. Abner takes pride in himself and is very satisfied with the fact that he hasnt gotten caughtShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of William Faulkner s Barn Burning 14 06 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s ‘Barn Burning’, is the tale of a young man by the name of Colonel â€Å"Sarty† Sartoris Snopes, his father, Abner â€Å"Ab† Snopes, and the difference between right and wrong. The story commences in a courtroom, where Ab is on trial for burning a barn. Young Sarty is called to the stand to testify as to what took place, until the plaintiff told the judge he did not want him to question the young child. However, Sarty was unsure of the decision he would make if he was questioned. Sarty wasRead More Setting in William Faulkners Barn Burning Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesViewing on Barn Burning William Faulkner’s use of a setting in a short story, such as â€Å"Barn Burning†, effected the entire outcome of the story from start to finish. In â€Å"Barn Burning†, a young boy must face his father and face the reality of a harsh world. He must also discover for himself that his father is wrong and learn to grow up the right way in a racial environment. Faulkner’s setting is one of the most important literary elements that help the audience understand the story. WhenRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper And Barn Burning Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagestheir short stories are Charlotte Perkins Gilman and William Faulkner. Despite the fact that these short stories were written almost fifty years apart, the protagonists in both Gilman’s â€Å" The Yellow Wall-paper† and Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning† live in a society where they are severely conflicted because of their confinement to a patriarchal family dynamic. Although there is such a large gap in the time periods of the two short stories, with â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper† being written in 1892 and â€Å"Barn Burning†Read More William Faulkner’s Barn Burning: Abner Snopes Character Analysis1049 Words   |  5 Pages William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"Barn Burning† describes a typical relationship between wealthy people and poor people during the Civil War. The main character, Abner Snopes, sharecrops to make a living for his family. He despises wealthy people. Out of resentment for wealthy people, he burns their barns to get revenge. Abner’s character over the course of the story is unchanging in that he is cold hearted, lawless, and violent. First, Abner’s unchanging character shows his cold heartednessRead MoreSarty Snopes’ Struggle for Freedom: William Faulkners Barn Burning1777 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"Barn Burning† first appeared in print in Harper’s Magazine in 1939 (Pinion). It is a short story by William Faulkner which depicts a young boy in crisis as he comes to realize the truth about his father’s pyromania. Faulkner takes the reader inside the boy’s life as he struggles to remain loyal to his unstable father. In the end the boy’s courage and sense of justice wins and he not only walks away from his father’s iron clad control over his life, but he is able to warn his father’s next victimRead MoreBarn Burning: Abner Snopes Character Analysis Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Faulkners short story Barn Burning describes a typical relationship between wealthy people and poor people during the Civil War. The main character, Abner Snopes, sharecrops to make a living for his family. He despises wealthy people. Out of resentment for wealthy people, he goes and burns their barns to get revenge. Abners character over the cou rse of the story is unchanging in that he is cold hearted, lawless, and violent.brbrFirst, Abners unchanging character shows his cold heartednessRead MoreBarn Burning By William Faulkner Essay1978 Words   |  8 PagesBarn Burning The short story â€Å"Barn Burning† by William Faulkner is the author, published on the date of 1939. Faulkner was born in New Albany, MS on September 25, 1897. William Faulkner was married in 1929 till 1962 to a woman named Estelle Oldham. He died July 6, 1962 in Byhalia, MS. William Faulkner was an American writer and a Noble Prize Laureate from Oxford Mississippi. Mark Twain, James Joyce, William Shakespeare, and many more influenced William. In this short story, Faulkner used aRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Literary Elements in Barn Burning1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Literary Elements in Barn Burning  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Understanding literary elements such as patterns, reader/writer relationships, and character choice are critical in appreciating William Faulkners Barn Burning. Some literary elements are small and almost inconsequential while others are large and all-encompassing: the mothers broken clock, a small and seemingly insignificant object, is used so carefully, extracting the maximum effect; the subtle, but more frequent use of dialectalRead MoreOedipus in Sophocles Oedipus Rex and Young Colonel Sartoris Snopes in William Faulkners Barn Burning: A Comparative Analysis of Characters1034 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿When attempting to compare the characters and the lots of Oedipus in Oedipus Rex and Young Colonel Sartoris Snopes in William Faulkners Barn Burning, there are a number of immediate and salient points of similarity for one to consider. One of the principle points of similarities between these two is related to their personalities both male characters are prone to fits of action which they can only fully understand (if at all) in hindsight. Another is the fact that the quandaries they find themselvesRead MoreThe Importance of Literary Elements in Barn Burning1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Literary Elements in Barn Burning Understanding literary elements such as patterns, reader/writer relationships, and character choice are critical in appreciating William Faulkners Barn Burning. Some literary elements are small and almost inconsequential while others are large and all-encompassing: the mothers broken clock, a small and seemingly insignificant object, is used so carefully, extracting the maximum effect; the subtle, but more frequent use of dialectal

Theater During The Elizabethan Era Essay - 2090 Words

Owen Hatch Victoria Kendall English 4A 13 October 2016 Theater in the Elizabethan Era When people think about theater in the Elizabethan Era, people usually think of William Shakespeare first. The Elizabethan theater was so much more than just Shakespeare. Theater In this time was not only plays, but included things such as bear baiting, cock fighting and public executions (â€Å"Elizabethan Theatre†). The Elizabethan Era was during the reign of Queen Elizabeth which lasted from 1558 until 1603 (Singman 6-7). The social, economic and political climate of the era all help to make theater popular with all social classes. The Elizabethan Era was a time of renaissance or rebirth of culture and arts in England. Along with this came the popularity of the English Theater. Elizabethan Era The Elizabethan Era began in 1558 when the prior Queen, Queen Mary I died and Queen Elizabeth I took the throne (†Elizabethan Age Begins†). Queen Elizabeth I was the half-sister of Queen Mary and both were the daughters of King Henry VIII (â€Å"Elizabethan Age Begins†). Queen Elizabeth I was a protestant and after taking the throne established the Protestant Church of England as the official church in England (â€Å"Elizabethan Age Begins†). Queen Elizabeth also encouraged exploration by backing such explorers as Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh (â€Å"Elizabethan Age Begins†). Queen Elizabeth was known as the â€Å"Virgin Queen† because she was worried that marrying would weaken her power while on the throne.Show MoreRelatedTheater During the Elizabethan Era Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe term Elizabethan refers to the period when Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England. Historians also called it the Golden age, a time in history where England was at its best economically, and more expansive than it’s been for about a thousand years. This era is best known for the blossoming of its theatre, music and poetry. William Shakespeare became one the most sought after playwrights during the ruling of Elizabeth the I. But first came Christopher Marlowe then Ben Johnson. There were manyRead MoreThe Elizabethan Age: Is There a History Behind the Theater? Essay examples1668 Words   |  7 Pages There’s always history behind a theater, right? Right! The Elizabethan Theater was part of an age where body of works reign while Elizabeth I was queen (1558-1603). During the Elizabethan era, there was a mass production of inspired drama, poetry and other forms of literature, as well as growth in humanism and significantly the birth of professional theater in England. This period embodies the work of Sir Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, Christopher Marlowe, the well-known, William ShakespeareRead MoreThe Durin g The Elizabethan Era Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesThe Elizabethan theater became a central part of social life in Shakespeare’s time and was a form of entertainment that took people’s minds off the daily hardships during the Elizabethan era. The Elizabethan era is known for its English nationalism and advancements of arts during the English Renaissance. Because of this, the Elizabethan era is considered to be the height of the English Renaissance. England’s working class had a difficult life. Powerful lords owned and governed local districts thatRead MoreIn the Elizabethan era family, problems existed as they do today. Instead of a television show to900 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Elizabethan era family, problems existed as they do today. 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It was erected around 1599 and was created for Lord Chamberlin’s men, who boughtRead MoreThe Elizabethan Era 1663 Words   |  7 Pagesparts of entertainment during the Elizabethan era. Musicians composed new types of music, poets expressed their feeling through poetry, and playwrights wrote plays of different types of genres. Social classes and gender roles also contributed to the entertainment culture. During the Elizabethan era, people were entertained by sources of entertainment, such as plays, music, and poetry. Music was one of the many sources of entertainment during the Elizabethan Era. Elizabethan music was more refinedRead MoreElizabethan Theatre Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesElizabethan Theatre â€Å"In roughly built playhouses and cobblestone inn yards, an extraordinary development took place in England in the 1500s.† (Yancey, 8). At that time, an opportunity combined to produce literature achievement never before witnessed in the history of drama and theater. The renaissance, helped spark this movement by inspiring scientific and artistic creativity throughout the land. Models began writing dramas that portrayed life in both realistic and imaginative ways. This createdRead MoreMusic in Elizabethan England817 Words   |  3 PagesMusic in Elizabethan England This essay is aimed to thoroughly describe how the types of Music or Songs were back in the Elizabethan ages/era in England. But first, there is a minor description about the Elizabethan era and how Queen Elizabeths rule in England influenced the music back then. Minor description because the full description would be incredibly long. Shakespeare’s play the twelfth night, and the music in there will also be included in this essay. The Elizabethan era was a very importantRead MoreThe Elizabethan Era Of Europe1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe Elizabethan era also known as the Tudor period of Europe was an amazing time to be an artist in Europe There were so much culture and life that was created during that time. According to many historians, this time period was the Golden Age of Europe. The Elizabethan era took place between the years 1558-1608. As alluded to be the name of the period this was during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. This Period also was full of Europe colonizing the world. One of Queen Elizabeth’s most famous ChartersRead MoreThe Elizabethan Era1595 Words   |  6 Pagesin the Elizabethan Era, theater was being taken to new heights and the unexpected was taking place frequently. Queen Elizabeth had a love for the arts, especially theater written by Shakespeare. The Elizabethan Age was strongly influenced by the rise of theater specifically through the play The Tempest, written by William S hakespeare. The Elizabethan Age was a time of change and new ideas (Holzknecht 33). In this period, the Renaissance, or rebirth, spread throughout Europe (â€Å"Elizabethan Age†).

Meno Essay Free Essays

Meno Paper Assignment Can virtue be taught? Plato starts off the Meno with this simple question. Prior to answering this question, Socrates is adamant about first understanding what virtue is. Socrates and Meno go back and forth throughout the story attempting to figure out the definition of virtue. We will write a custom essay sample on Meno Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now When they come to the conclusion that they do not know what virtue is, they attempt to prove whether virtue can be taught, is attainable by practice, or is simply possessed by nature. As Meno asks Socrates whether virtue can be taught, Socrates explains to him that he does not know what virtue is. Meno defines virtue to Socrates in many forms. For a man virtue is managing public affairs and in turn benefiting his friends, and harming his enemies. For a woman she must manage the home well, preserve its possessions, and be submissive to her husband. He also explains that a child, a slave or an elderly man also have different virtues. Socrates refutes this definition of virtue. He has not been given a definition but yet a list of examples. He gets his point across to Meno by using bees as an example. There are many different types of bees, but one bee does not differ from another in the fact that they are both bees. This same concept has to be true with virtue, for there are many and various types but they all have the same form making them virtues. Here we are presented with the first rule of giving a definition, and that is simply to not give examples. Meno attempts to give Socrates a second definition, stating that virtue is simply the ability to rule over people. Once again Socrates refutes this definition. In the case of a slave or a child this cannot be true; hence this is merely another example of a specific trait of someone who is virtuous. Socrates also adds that if this were true than it would have to be justly and not unjustly. Menos response to this is that justice is virtue. Is justice virtue or is it a type of virtue? This is the next issue Socrates points out to Meno. In response Meno says that justice is a type of virtue, therefore he has done nothing more than give another useless example of virtue. Socrates wants to put an end to this problem so he gives Meno the definition of both shape and color to give him an example of a good definition. We are given a third definition by Meno, in which he states that virtue is to desire beautiful things and have the power to acquire them. With this Socrates translates desire for beautiful things as the desire for good things. Meno agrees with this statement, in turn allowing Socrates to once again disprove this definition. There are those who desire bad things, but in their own minds believe these bad things to be good. Therefore these people essentially desire good things but are not virtuous. Meno now explains to Socrates that he has found the definition; it is the capacity to acquire good things with justice. Socrates goes on to explain that this is yet again just a fragment of virtue. In essence all Meno has explained now is that virtue is virtue, for justice is a type of virtue. Socrates has brought forward the second rule of definitions, which is that you can’t use the word in the definition. At this point Meno is perplexed, and begins to get angry with Socrates. He informs him with the fact that he came here knowing exactly what virtue was, but now Socrates has driven Meno to the point that he now doesn’t know what virtue is either. Socrates explains that he has not done this purposely but that he truly is just as perplexed, and therefore they should search for this answer together. Meno displays his confusion by asking how it is even possible to search for something that you do not know at all. This is where Socrates introduces the idea that the soul is immortal and learning that which we do not know is recollection. Meno would like Socrates to show him that this is true. Consequently Socrates picks out a slave boy, who was raised in the home of Meno, and begins to ask him geometric questions. He questions the boy about a square, naming the different principles and rules of a square. As the boy begins to answer these questions correctly, Socrates points out to Meno that he has created his own right opinion concerning this logic. Through constant questioning the boy is able to form right opinions on logics that he has never before been presented. Socrates reveals to Meno that this is recollection. Being immortal the soul has learned all there is to know, whether it be in this life as a human or in a time prior to that. In turn recollection is simply the process of turning true opinions into knowledge through constant questioning. With this being known, Socrates illustrates to Meno that one should always seek to find out that which they do not know. In order to find out whether virtue can be taught Socrates and Meno set up a hypothesis that virtue is something good. Socrates begins to elaborate on this fact by stating that if virtue is good, than it is beneficial. They begin to examine what kind of things benefit an individual. Socrates and Meno both agree that Health, strength, beauty, and also wealth all benefit us. Socrates also points out that these same things can do harm do someone. So what is the directing factor that determines whether they are beneficial or harmful? All things directed by wisdom end in happiness. Therefore since virtue is beneficial, it must be knowledge. In turn virtue must be a kind of wisdom. If this is true, then virtue can be taught. Meno agrees with Socrates that this is true. Immediately after the two agree Socrates questions whether they were wrong by agreeing to this. He points out to Meno that virtue might not be knowledge. If knowledge is teachable, and virtue is knowledge, then there would be teachers as well as learners of virtue. Up to now they have not been able to come across any such individuals. At this point Anytus is introduced into the story, and Socrates invites him to join them in their search for teachers of virtue. Socrates asks Anytus if they should send Meno to the sophists who profess to teach virtue. Anytus wastes no time in sharing his negative harsh views of these sophists. Socrates tells Anytus to give Meno the name of an Athenian in which he should visit to learn the meaning of virtue. Anytus claims that any Greek citizen would be able to make him a better man that the sophists. Of these good men can any of them teach virtue, for they have yet to see this. Socrates uses Themistocles as a prime example; he was even the best of men but failed to pass down his virtue to his son. Instead he taught his son to be a great horseman. He presents Anytus with a couple other examples of virtuous men who failed to pass their virtue down to their children. At this point Anytus becomes angry and he leaves. He asks Meno if there are many good men among his people. Meno says that there are many good men. Among these good men do they agree hat they are teachers and virtue can be taught? Meno states that sometimes they say it can be taught, and other times they say it cannot be taught. After hearing this Socrates goes on to explain that these men cannot even agree on this point, therefore they are not teachers of this subject. Thus there are no teachers of this subject, as well as no learners, consequently virtue cannot be taught. Now that Meno and Socrates have agreed that vi rtue cannot be taught, Socrates begins to explain where they went wrong in their original investigation. He explains that they were right in agreeing that good men must be beneficial, and that they will be beneficent if they give correct direction in our affairs. The agreement that one cannot give correct direction if one does not have knowledge, is where they have gone wrong. One may use right opinion as a guide for correct action, in which it is no less useful than knowledge. Right opinion and knowledge differ in the fact that right opinion escapes a man’s mind very quickly. It is not until one ties these right opinions down, by giving an account of the reason why, that they become knowledge. Socrates explains to Meno that this is recollection, as they have previously gone over. At this point Socrates and Meno have come to a conclusion. Virtue is not teachable and is not acquired by nature, but comes to those who possess it as a gift from the gods which is not accompanies by understanding. Socrates leaves Meno and ends the story with one final statement. He says to Meno, â€Å"We shall have clear knowledge of this when, before we investigate how it comes to be present in men, we first try to find out what virtue in itself is. † How to cite Meno Essay, Essays

The Good Corn Essay Example For Students

The Good Corn Essay In 1974, shortly after the publication of his last novel he passed away. I will now explain the two stories in more detail. Turned is about a rich, childless family called the Marrroners. Mr Marroner appears loving and friendly Mr. Marroner had frankly admired her but is driven by social pressure and is held to his conservative constraints. When his wife left him without his knowledge he could not bear to ask, do you know where my wife is? Mrs Marroner, his wife, is intelligent and well educated but not really content living an oppressed lifestyle. She suffers through social class; the main point in the story is that of Mr Marroners emotional progression and the change of her opinions, ignoring her feelings now as she had before ignored her thoughts. The structure of the stories, Turned and The Good Corn is very similar. Both involve what appears to be a happy, strong relationship; Mr Marroner is quoted to send- long, loving, frequent letters. Mr Mortimer is supportive of his wifes mental discrepancies, in conversation to a doctor, he appears caring, stating: It upsets me to see her break her heart like that and such. We will write a custom essay on The Good Corn specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It becomes apparent that this is not the case. The male impregnates the family servant or labourer and a resolve is met. The most important difference between the two short stories is the resolve. Paragraph Four: The Good Corn is set on a farm in rural England. Throughout the story the author utilises the backdrop as a theme, using metaphors about the family farm. The relationship between Mr. Marroner and Elsie and the eventual pregnancy is reflected by imagery of nature. The state of pregnancy is constantly shown through natural images. The theme of nature is also very important to the story line of the story. Pregnancy is considered the most natural event to occur in ones life and for Elsie this is very true. For Mrs Marroner however, getting pregnant is not easy, this is unnatural and her psychological state reflects this. Turned is set in a rich American household, the opposite to The Good Corn, urban people. The story challenges the clichi of success and money results in happiness. (more) Both stories are very different structurally. The Good Corn utilises a chronological system whereas Turned is portrayed through flashbacks. The themes of the stories have great relevance to the structural devices used. The apparent reason behind the structure of The Good Corn is the recurring theme of nature. The rhythm of the piece is natural and thus the simple structure. Turned appears to be more emotionally complex and this again is reflected by the structure. (Turned-flashbacks, change, emotions, forgotten past) Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a strong feminist; she believed in emancipation and rights for women. The characters and resolve used in Turned reflect her left-wing conceptions. Mr Marroner is a strong willed and independent women, these traits are both very similar Charlotte Perkins Gilmans own and are that of a role model, the character also relates to the authors opinion on womens relationship in society, she believes they deserve more provenance. (quote). Elsie is vulnerable and naive but needs understanding; this understanding is provided by the strong female figure, Mrs Marroner. Again, it is a left wing obligation to care for others in spite of their position and their past. Mr Marroner is selfish and arrogant; this is the view of males that Charlotte believes and has chosen to present. The authors reasons for all of these characters are quite obvious (explain). (Women stay together) H. E Bates however,(research than do) Turned ends without a clear resolve, it is left open ended. The Good Corn reaches a positive, traditional resolve. 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EssayTom Foot Yr 11 english 30/04/07 \\Classlink\TFOOT$\My Documents\My Work\turned. doc.

Organic Agriculture

Organic Agriculture Key Partners The key partners of the company include retailers (supermarkets), suppliers of farm inputs, and consultants. The reasons for collaborating with retailers include the following. First, it will enable the company to achieve economies of scale in distribution. Established retailers such as supermarkets have branches in all parts of the country, which will enable the company to reach a large number of customers at a low cost.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organic Agriculture Business Model Canvas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Second, the partnership will enable the company to acquire the customers of its partners.1 For instance, customers who purchase consumer goods in supermarkets are also likely to buy organic foodstuffs during their routine shopping activities. This will facilitate quick market penetration. Finally, the partnership will reduce the risk of overtrading.2 Since the company has limited funds, it will lack adequate working capital if it invests in establishing its own retail outlets in the first two years. This risk will be prevented by collaborating with independent distributors (retailers). Collaborating with consultants who have expertise and experience in organic agriculture will help in eliminating uncertainties when making production decisions. The consultants will assist the farm manager to select the best farming methods in order to achieve the desired production level and product quality. Developing long-term partnerships with suppliers will enable the company to benefit from reliable access to farm inputs. This will help in preventing interruption of the production calendar, which may occur due to limited availability of key inputs such as seeds. Key Suppliers The main suppliers of the business will include landowners, manufacturers of farm inputs, and the Municipality of Abu Dhabi. The business will have to establish long-term relationships with landowners in order to access adequate land for its farming activities. The Municipality of Abu Dhabi will be the main supplier of water for irrigation. The municipality is a key supplier because access to water will determine the farm’s output level. The municipality has a high bargaining power since there are no substitute sources of water for farming in Abu Dhabi.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this regard, the company will focus on water conservation in order to avoid shortages. It will also endeavor to pay its water bills in time in order to avoid disconnections. The products of suppliers of farm inputs will determine the quality of the organic foodstuffs that will be produced by the company. Therefore, farm inputs will be purchased from suppliers who differentiate their products by using organic raw materials to manufacture key supplies s uch as pesticides and fertilizers. This strategy will enable the company to use the right farm inputs in order to obtain the best results.3 Key Resources from Partners The most important resources that will be obtained from partners include production/ farming technology, land, farm inputs, and distribution services. Effective farming technology is a major determinant of success in organic farming, especially, in Abu Dhabi where natural resources such as land and water are scarce. Thus, the company will collaborate with consultants and independent research institutions to acquire the best organic farming technologies. The company will only be able to achieve its production objectives if it can access fertile land in Abu Dhabi. However, access to land is likely to be a challenge in future due to the expected increase in urbanization and industrialization. As the demand for land increase, the cost of leasing or purchasing it will rise significantly. Thus, the company will focus on pur chasing land in the medium term to avoid the expected increase in lease fee in the long-term. Key Activities Performed by Partners Consultants will provide technical advice to the company concerning the farming methods that it should adopt to achieve its business objectives. This will include provision of services such as testing soil and water quality.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organic Agriculture Business Model Canvas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The consultants will also lead the company’s research and development projects. They will conduct periodic research activities on behalf of the company to facilitate innovation. The outcome of the research activities will be used to improve the company’s farming activities. The key responsibility of retailers will be to distribute the company’s organic foodstuffs. This will involve selling the products directly to customers. They w ill also collaborate with the company’s sales team to conduct marketing activities such as merchandising. The retailers will collect valuable feedback from customers through their sales and marketing systems. The feedback will enable the company to understand customers’ tastes and preferences. Suppliers will provide the materials and equipment that will be needed to produce organic foodstuffs. These include seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, greenhouses, and irrigation equipment. The suppliers will be responsible for installing and maintaining key resources such as greenhouses and irrigation equipment to avoid failure. Figure 1 and 2 show the type of greenhouse and drip irrigation equipment that will be used for farming. The company will also collaborate with certain suppliers to produce differentiated farm inputs. For instance, it will collaborate with producers of seeds to develop seedlings that suit its quality standards and farming needs. Figure 1: Greenhouse Advertis ing Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Figure 2: Irrigation equipment Key Activities Value Proposition The company’s value proposition is to produce and sell high quality organic foodstuffs in Abu Dhabi and other parts of the UAE. Delivering this value proposition requires the following activities. To begin with, the company will be directly involved in organic farming. This will involve producing a variety of organic fruits and vegetables. In the long-term (the next ten years), the company will diversify its brand portfolio by processing and distributing fresh fruit juice. Sourcing and procurement of various supplies will be required to create the value proposition. The company will source the best seeds in order to produce organic foodstuffs with high nutritional value. Once the company begins to process fresh fruit juices, it will collaborate with other producers of organic foodstuffs to obtain adequate supply of fruits. This will help in scaling up production to cater for increased demand for fruit juices. Th e company will also establish training and capacity building programs to improve its employees’ ability to focus on best practices in organic farming. The training programs will target the farm workers. Specifically, on-the-job training and off-the-job training programs will be provided to workers to improve their skills and knowledge in organic farming.4 In the long-term, the company will extend the training programs to its employees who will be involved in manufacturing fresh juices. In this case, the objective of the training programs will be to promote product and process innovation. Distribution Supermarkets will be the main distribution channel through which the company’s products will be sold in the short-term. In the medium term, the company will establish its own retail outlets to supplement the sales from supermarkets. Distributing the products through these channels will require the following activities. The first activity will be to build a network of retai lers to distribute the products. The company will use selective distribution to reach its target customers. Selective distribution involves using several but not all outlets that are available in a given geographical area to reach customers.5 In this regard, the company will collaborate with retailers who are known for quality, affordability, and reliability to maintain a consistent brand image. The main advantage of using selective distribution is that it will enable the company to select the best performing retailers, thereby avoiding the risk of wasting scarce resources in developing non-performing distributors. Selective distribution is also appropriate because consumers of organic foodstuffs often shop around to find the best products from reliable retailers. Supply chain management is the second activity that will be required to distribute the products. The supply chain activities that will be performed are summarized in figure 3. Figure 3: Supply chain activities The first s upply chain activity will be to procure the best farm inputs from reputable suppliers. The next step will involve using the farm inputs to produce various organic fruits and vegetables. After harvesting, the fruits and vegetables will be transported to the company’s warehouse where they will be cleaned and packaged according to retailers’ requirements. From the warehouse, the company will transport the products directly to retail outlets where they will be sold to customers. The company will focus on reducing the time required to transport the fruits and vegetables from the farm to the retailers to preserve their freshness and natural tastes. The company will maintain long-term relationships with members of the supply chain to ensure effective production and distribution of its products.6 Coordination of the supply chain activities will be done by the company using business-to-business e-commerce platforms. This will help in reducing the cost of managing the supply cha in. Customer Relationships The company will use the social media to build relationships with customers (consumers of organic food). Specifically, it will use Facebook, Google+, and Twitter to engage the customers in conversations about its products. The aim of the conversations will be to provide vital information to customers such as the stores where the products will be sold and the health benefits of consuming them. The company will also participate in events such as agricultural trade fairs and seminars to build strong relationships with consumers of organic foodstuffs. Revenue Streams The company’s main source of revenue will be production and distribution of organic fruits and vegetables. The main activity that will be required in this revenue stream will be obtaining as many sales orders as possible from retailers. In order to secure large orders, the company will negotiate for adequate floor space in the retail outlets to boost sales. The company will also use its mar keting communication mix to promote sales through the retail channel. Specifically, it will use advertising, merchandising, and loyalty programs to motivate potential customers to purchase its products. As sales increase in the retail outlets, the company will receive large orders. This will improve the chances of achieving the revenue and profitability targets that have been set for the short and medium term. Key Resources Value Proposition The key resources that are required to deliver the company’s value proposition include the following. First, adequate human resources will be required. Specifically, the company will require cheap and reliable supply of labor to produce organic foodstuffs. The farm workers will require adequate skills and knowledge on various farming activities such as planting and controlling pests in order to create value to the company. Generally, access to cheap labor will reduce the cost of production. The resulting cost savings will be used to suppo rt innovation initiatives to improve product quality. In addition, the savings will enable the company to sell its products at a competitive price in order to overcome competition. Second, financial resources will be required to deliver the desired value proposition. Organic agriculture is capital intensive because it is based on advanced farming technologies.7 For instance, the company will require adequate funds to install and run an effective irrigation system. It will also have to purchase and use greenhouses to protect the crops from adverse weather conditions such as very high temperatures and strong wind. Moreover, the company will have to finance research activities in order to produce crops whose qualities meet the expectations of consumers. In this regard, the company will raise capital from different sources to meet its cash requirements. In the short and medium-term, the company will depend on the capital contributed by its owners and retained earnings to finance its act ivities. It will also obtain credit from local commercial banks to supplement its internal sources of funds. In the long-term, the company will raise venture capital to finance expansion activities such as extending its product line and joining new markets. Third, the company will require intellectual capital to deliver its value proposition. Intellectual capital refers to the information and knowledge resources that can be employed to improve profits, acquire new clients, develop new products, and reduce operating costs. The knowledge and information that will be required to produce and market the company’s products will be obtained from internal and external sources. The company’s employees will be the main internal source of information and knowledge. The employees’ expertise in organic farming will be leveraged through staff development and training programs. Consultants and independent research partners will be the main external sources of information and k nowledge. They will use their expertise and experience to advise the company on the best farming practices that it has to adopt to deliver its value proposition. Distribution Channels The main resources that will be required to distribute the products include employees with the right skill set in sales and marketing, as well as, physical assets such as delivery trucks and sales premises. Talented employees will be required to assist customers at the retail outlets to boost sales. In addition, the marketing team will require adequate knowledge of the market in order to develop the right marketing strategies. Although the company will hire employees with expertise in sales and marketing, it will also focus on developing talent internally to improve the effectiveness of its distribution system. Customer Relationships Market intelligence is the main resource that will be required to develop relationships with consumers of organic foodstuffs. The company will also need an effective custo mer relationship management (CRM) system to develop strong relationships with the retailers. Market intelligence refers to external data or information that shed light on market dynamics such as changes in customers’ tastes and preferences.8 Market intelligence will be obtained through marketing research, which will be conducted biannually. The results of the marketing research will help in building relationships with consumers by providing information that will facilitate product development. The company will use an online CRM system to improve its relationship with retailers. The system will capture vital information such as the types of products that the retailers prefer to stock, payment history, and the size of orders made by various retailers. This information will help in understanding the needs of the retailers. As a result, the company will be able to address the retailers’ needs in time in order to improve its relationship with them. Value Proposition The com pany’s value proposition will focus on three areas namely, risk reduction, affordability, and cost reduction. The company will help consumers to reduce the negative health effects of eating processed foods, inorganic vegetables, and genetically modified foodstuffs. Empirical studies indicate that these foodstuffs cause diseases such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. In the UAE, the prevalence of lifestyle diseases such as obesity and diabetes is very high. The diseases account for nearly 20% of the deaths in the country every year.9 Scientists have proved that organic foodstuffs help in preventing diseases such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. It is against this backdrop that the company will focus on producing organic foodstuffs with high nutritional value to enable the residents of the UAE to maintain healthy lifestyles. Figure 4 shows the organic vegetables (tomatoes) that will be produced. Figure 4: Organic tomatoes The company will also help consumers to eliminate the risk of eating substandard or contaminated foods. In order to achieve this objective, the company will endeavor to meet all the quality standards that have been set by Abu Dhabi Food Control Authority. It will also strive to meet international quality standards that are used in the global food industry. These include Global G.A.P certification, organic product certification, and ISO certification.10 Achieving these certifications means that the company will have to comply with high food quality standards. As a result, it will supply safe foodstuffs that consumers can trust. Affordability is one of the major factors that determine access to organic foodstuffs in the UAE. Organic foodstuffs are often expensive in the country due to high importation and production costs. The company will create value to customers by adopting low cost production technologies to reduce the prices of organic food in the UAE. In addition, the company will eliminate importation costs by producing organic fo od within the country. The resulting reduction in retail prices will enable many customers to afford organic foods. The company will also create value to retailers by reducing the costs that they would incur to source high quality organic foodstuffs. The cost of producing and delivering the products at the retailers’ premises will be borne by the company. Moreover, the retailers will not incur additional monthly costs since they will be using their existing employees and floor space to sell the products. The cost savings coupled with increased revenue will improve the retailers’ profits. Customers’ Problems The company’s main objective will be to address consumers’ health needs. Apart from addressing this need through production of organic foods, the company will integrate the ‘healthy living’ campaign in its marketing programs. One of the factors that explain the low consumption rate of organic foodstuffs is lack of adequate informati on concerning their health benefits.11 The company will bridge the knowledge gap by using public relation initiatives such as press release to educate the residents of the UAE on the importance of eating organic foods. The company will also collaborate with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that promote healthy living to provide public education on the health benefits of organic foods. As the public becomes more informed, the consumption of organic food will increase. This will reduce the prevalence of lifestyle diseases while improving the company’s revenues. Products The company targets three market segments. These include the working class, the affluent, and individuals who are already suffering from chronic lifestyle illnesses. The working class and individuals who are suffering from lifestyle diseases have similar needs. In particular, people who are working are interested in preventing the diseases that they are likely to acquire due to their sedentary lifestyles. S imilarly, those who have already acquired lifestyle diseases are interested in healthy living to prolong their lifespan.12 In this regard, the company will serve the two market segments by supplying organic fruits and vegetables with high nutritional value. The same products will be supplied in the affluent market segment where consumption of high quality organic foods is the norm. However, the affluent will benefit from additional services such as ability to make large purchases directly from the farm. In this case, the products will be delivered directly to the consumer’s premise. These personalized services will enable the company to charge premium prices in the affluent market segment to improve its profits. Customer Needs The company will satisfy the following needs in the market. In the consumer market, the company will address the customers’ need for newness and accessibility. The residents of the UAE need to break away from the tradition of eating imported inor ganic foods that are often contaminated and have low nutritional value. The company will enable consumers to access fresh in-season fruits and vegetables to meet their dietary needs. In the affluent market segment, supplying high quality fruits and vegetables will enable customers to express their social status. Specifically, the high product quality will create an aura of luxury, which the affluent need to maintain their social status.13 Customers who are working have little time to spend on shopping for their groceries. Thus, they need to purchase their groceries in convenient places to save time. The company will address this need by collaborating with retailers whose outlets are located in strategic places within the central business districts of urban areas. This will help customers to access the products easily. The company will also use retailers’ online sales platforms to sell its products. Online shopping solutions will enable busy customers to purchase the organic f ruits and vegetables without visiting physical stores. The retailers’ main need is to access reliable supply of high quality organic foods. In order to address this need, the company will employ big data analytics to study consumers’ purchasing behavior. This strategy will enable the company to predict the types and quality of products that customers are likely to purchase in specific geographical areas. A clear understanding of purchasing patterns will help in ensuring effective capacity planning. As a result, the company will be able to supply adequate products to satisfy retailers’ sales needs. Generally, a reliable supply will enable retailers to retain their customers and to improve their revenues. Customer Relationships Expected Relationships Consumers of organic foods expect personal assistance within the retail stores. Customers often need adequate product information before making a purchase decision. For instance, new customers would want to access inf ormation on issues such as the products’ origin, their quality, and their prices. Customers normally expect to find this information from sales personnel within the supermarkets. In addition, customers need assistance with purchasing activities such as weighing the fruits and vegetables or selecting the right products. Old customers and expats who are not able to understand Arabic are likely to seek assistance from sales personnel who can speak in English. By contrast, young and well-informed customers expect self-service in supermarkets. They expect the retailer to display a wide variety of products on the shelves so that they can make appropriate choices. Retailers, on the other hand, expect automated services. They expect to maintain their relationship with the company using e-commerce business-to-business platforms. This will enable them to access automatic services such as placing orders, making inquiries about product availability, and making their payments. Retailers p refer e-commerce systems because they reduce operating cost and improve communication among trading partners. Retailers also expect to maintain a close relationship with a dedicated personal assistance. They expect the company to assign one contact person who will be responsible for handling their inquiries and managing their accounts. Established Relationships The company has made provisions for both self-service and personal assistance to improve its relationship with the consumers. The sales area will have at least two sales associates to assist the customers with the purchase process. The associates will provide all the information that customers need to make purchase decisions. They will also assist with activities such as product selection. The company will also collaborate with the retailers to design the sales floor in a manner that promotes self-service. This will include creating enough space between shelves to facilitate movement. The company’s merchandisers will e nsure that the products are displayed in an attractive manner and vital information such as prices and product descriptions are clearly indicated as shown in figure 5. These initiatives will enable customers to shop without seeking assistance. Figure 5: Sales floor Since the company will be using online supply chain management (SCM) and CRM systems, the retailers will be able to access automatic services. The online SCM system will handle activities such as placing orders, sharing transaction information, and making payments. The online CRM system, on the other hand, will be used to handle retailers’ inquiries by providing the information that they need to sell the products. A dedicated accounts manager will be hired to maintain strong relationships with the retailers. The accounts manager will address the needs of the retailers such as ensuring timely processing of orders and delivery of products. Cost of the Relationships Automatic and self-service will require high initia l capital to build the infrastructure. For instance, the company will have to hire an IT company to create and install an effective e-commerce system. Similarly, redesigning the sales floor to facilitate self-service might require a substantial amount of money. However, providing automatic and self-service will be cheap in the long-run since the company will not incur additional costs to deliver them.14 Maintaining relationships with customers through dedicated personnel is likely to be expensive in the short-run when sales are expected to be low. For instance, the company will have to pay the accounts manager on a monthly basis. However, the expected increase in sales in the medium term and long-term will justify the cost of providing personalized services to consumers and retailers. Channels Customers expect to be reached through a variety of media platforms that are easy to access. In addition, they expect the company to distribute its products through distribution channels that are easy to access. Thus, the company will reach the customers in the following ways. To begin with, it will create awareness about its products through advertising. The adverts will be aired on popular TV and radio channels. Moreover, the adverts will be posted on popular magazines and newspapers to reach as many customers as possible. Given the high penetration rate of smartphones and computers in the UAE, the company will also use the social media to create awareness about its products. The company will assist customers to evaluate its value proposition by requesting them to fill out feedback forms that will be available at the retail outlets. Customer complaints forms and suggestion boxes will also be available at the retail outlets to enable customers to convey their concerns to the company. Customers will also have the opportunity to raise their concerns about the products through online communication channels such as email. Consumers will have the opportunity to purchase the products through three channels. These include select supermarkets, the company’s retail outlets, and retailers’ online stores. The main objective of using the three channels is to increase brand visibility. Specifically, it will enable as many customers as possible to access the products. For instance, large supermarkets can reach customers in nearly all parts of the country. Direct deliveries will be made to customers who will make online purchases. The distribution channels will be integrated both vertically and horizontally. Vertical integration will be achieved after the company establishes its own retail outlets to sell its products directly to the customers. Horizontal integration will be achieved through cooperation with independent retailers to sell to customers. The main advantage of vertical integration is that it will enable the company to have more control over its products. It will enable the company’s sales executives to use their vast product kno wledge to provide excellent customer service. Vertical integration will also enable the company to eliminate the costs associated with using third party distribution channels. For example, the company will not have to share its revenue with the retailers if it has its own distribution system. As a result, the company will make high profits. Horizontal integration, on the other hand, will enable the company to save the cost of establishing a nationwide distribution system. This will prevent liquid constraints that the company might face in the short-run. Customer Segments Selected Segments The company will focus on creating value for the mass market, which has a huge sales potential due to its large size. Undoubtedly, every person in the UAE is interested in high quality foodstuffs. This means that revenues can be maximized by targeting all customers who are able to afford organic fruits and vegetables. The mass market consists of the individuals who will be purchasing the companyâ⠂¬â„¢s products for personal consumption. The working class and people who are interested in healthy living will be considered as part of the mass market. The company will also serve the niche market to improve its profitability. The niche market consists of the affluent, as well as, fine restaurants and hotels. In the last decade, hotels and restaurants in the UAE have embarked on serving organic foods to demonstrate their commitment to sustainability by promoting organic agriculture. The hotel and restaurant market segment is expected to grow in future as economic performance of the country improves. The company intends to take advantage of this growth by producing organic fruits and vegetables for the hotel and restaurant industry. Most Important Segment The mass market will be the most important segment, which the company expects to be its main source of revenue. This perspective is based on the fact that household expenditure on groceries tend to be stable throughout the year. Households are not likely to reduce their expenditure on food unless the economy suffers a shock that has negative effects on consumption in the private sector.15 In this regard, the company expects a steady growth in sales in the mass market. The niche market, on the other hand, is characterized by fluctuations in demand. Sales are high during the summer and holiday seasons when individuals and families prefer to eat in restaurants and hotels rather than their homes. Sales are also high during events such as the Dubai Shopping Festival and trade fairs that attract visitors from other countries. However, sales decline significantly during the winter when families prefer to remain indoors. Nonetheless, hotels and restaurants are important customers because of their ability to make large purchases. They are also willing to pay premium prices to access high quality organic fruits and vegetables. Revenue Streams Customers in the food industry are willing to pay for freshness, high nutri tional value, and high hygiene standards. Currently, customers are only paying for convenience due to the limited supply of organic foods that meet their expectations. Specifically, customers are forced to purchase the foodstuffs that are available in the market irrespective of their quality standards due to lack of substitutes. Since customers are willing to pay for high quality, the company will focus on selling organic fruits and vegetables as its main revenue stream. Nearly, 90% of the company’s revenue will be attributed to product sales due to limited investment in alternative businesses. The company has strategically chosen to focus on product sales since producing organic fruits and vegetables is its core competence. The company will focus on serving markets in different geographical areas in order to avoid the losses that it would make by serving only one market. Product sales will be based on dynamic pricing. This pricing strategy involves setting prices according t o market conditions. For instance, during high demand seasons the company will increase its prices to ration the limited supply of its products. However, it will reduce the prices during the low demand seasons to attract and retain customers. Dynamic pricing will enable the company to achieve its marketing objectives. For instance, price reductions will facilitate expansion of the market share. Apart from product sales, the company will generate revenues through asset sale and leasing. Idle assets will be sold so that the company can use the proceeds to finance key business processes such as product development and marketing. The assets will be sold through negotiations to enable the company to obtain the best deal. The company will also lease farm equipment and land when they are not in use. The lease fee will improve the company’s returns on assets. Fixed pricing will be used to lease the assets. In particular, the lessee will pay a predetermined price that will not be chan ged during the lease period. Cost Structure The business model will be cost driven because organic farming is associated with significant fixed and variable costs. The fixed costs will include the salaries of farm workers, consultancy fee, warehousing, and lease fee. The company has to achieve economies of scale in production in order to reduce the negative impact of the fixed costs on its profits. The variable costs include expenditure on farm inputs, water for irrigation, electricity, marketing, and transportation. The most important fixed costs include lease fee, constancy fee, and salaries. The company has to pay lease fee in order to access adequate land for farming and premises to sell its products. Similarly, it has to pay the workers to perform various farming activities such as planting and nurturing the crops. Consultancy fee is also important since the company will require external expertise to improve its productivity. Nearly all variable costs are important. The company has to purchase farm inputs and spend on marketing and transportation in order to deliver its value proposition. Land is the most expensive key resource. The company will spend at least AED 250,000 annually to lease five acres of land in Abu Dhabi. The high lease fee is attributed to the ever-increasing demand for land in the country. Greenhouses are also very expensive. At least AED 78,516 will be required to purchase three greenhouses in the first year. However, expenditure on greenhouses is expected to reduce in the medium-term. This expectation is based on the fact that new greenhouses can be used effectively for up to four years.16 Increased competition among suppliers is likely to reduce the cost of greenhouses in future. Farm inputs are also key resources that are very expensive. The annual expenditure on farm inputs is expected to average AED 45,000. Inadequate food supply in the global market will increase the prices of farm inputs as farmers focus on increasing their prod uctivity. Irrigating the farmland will be the most expensive activity. At least AED 65,000 will be spent annually on irrigation. The high cost is attributed to the water shortage in Abu Dhabi. The Municipality of Abu Dhabi charges high prices to discourage wastage of water. Marketing is another expensive activity that the company will have to invest in to reach its customers. Marketing cost is expected to average AED 32,000 in the first three years. The expected improvement in economic growth will boost business activities, thereby increasing demand for advertising services. This will increase the cost of advertising in the medium-term. In sum, the high fixed and operating costs call for implementation of effective cost reduction measures. Some of the measures that the company will implement to reduce costs include recycling wastewater and using cheap digital marketing platforms such as the social media. Bulk purchases will enable the company to reduce the cost of acquiring farm inp uts. In addition, optimizing the production capacity will help in achieving economies of scale, which in turn will reduce the overall cost of production. Bibliography Al-Awadhi K J Taylor, ‘Food safety challenges and initiatives in the Dubai hospitality industry’, Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, vol. 3, no. 5, 2011, pp. 443-449. Brun A C Castelli, ‘The nature of luxury: A consumer perspective’, International Journal of retail and Distribution Management, vol. 41, no. 11, 2013, pp. 823-847. Cahill S D Powell, ‘Coverage of organic agriculture in North America newspapers: Media linking food safety, the environment, human health, and organic agriculture’, British Food Journal, vol. 112, no. 7, 2010, pp. 710-722. Cant M W Strydom, Marketing management, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2009. Drummond G R Ashford, Strategic marketing, Oxford University Press, London, 2010. Fossel P, Organic farming, Palgrave, London, 2007. Frasha C, Organic farmi ng: The ecological system, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2009 Grewel D M Levy, Marketing, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2011. Huylenbroek G J Aertsens, ‘The added value of organic farming for environment and health: facts and consumer perceptions’, British Food Journal, vol. 111, no. 10, 2009, pp. 340-350. Kafetzopoulos D E Psomas, ‘Quality systems and competitive performance of food companies’, International Journal of Benchmarking, vol. 20, no. 4, 2013, pp. 463-483. Kazmi S, Marketing management, Sage, London, 2007, p. 56. Mohammed L V Sahay, ‘Supply chain partners’ trust building progress through risk evaluation: the perspectives of UAE packaged food industry’, International Journal of Supply Chain Management, vol. 14, no. 4, 2009, pp. 280-290. Musaiger A B Bener, ‘Lifestyle factors associated with obesity among male university students in the United Arab Emirates’, Nutrition and Food Science, vol. 33, no. 4, 2013, pp. 145-147. Jo n N, Profitable organic farming, Routledge, New York, 2008. Tung S Y Chen, ‘Attitudinal inconsistency towards organic food in relation to purchasing intention and behavior’, British Food Journal, vol. 114, no. 7, 2012, pp. 997-1015. Footnotes 1D Grewel M Levy, Marketing, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2011. 2S Kazmi, Marketing management, Sage, London, 2007, p. 56. 3P Fossel, Organic farming, Palgrave, London, 2007. 4M Cant W Strydom, Marketing management, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2009. 5G Drummond R Ashford, Strategic marketing, Oxford University Press, London, 2010. 6L Mohammed V Sahay, ‘Supply chain partners’ trust building progress through risk evaluation: the perspectives of UAE packaged food industry’, International Journal of Supply Chain Management, vol. 14, no. 4, 2009, pp. 280-290. 7N Jon, Profitable organic farming, Routledge, New York, 2008. 8S Cahill D Powell, ‘Coverage of organic agriculture in North America newspapers: Media linking food safety, the environment, human health, and organic agriculture’, British Food Journal, vol. 112, no. 7, 2010, pp. 710-722. 9A Musaiger B Bener, ‘Lifestyle factors associated with obesity among male university students in the United Arab Emirates’, Nutrition and Food Science, vol. 33, no. 4, 2013, pp. 145-147. 10D Kafetzopoulos E Psomas, ‘Quality systems and competitive performance of food companies’, International Journal of Benchmarking, vol. 20, no. 4, 2013, pp. 463-483. 11G Huylenbroek J Aertsens, ‘The added value of organic farming for environment and health: facts and consumer perceptions’, British Food Journal, vol. 111, no. 10, 2009, pp. 340-350. 12S Tung Y Chen, ‘Attitudinal inconsistency towards organic food in relation to purchasing intention and behavior’, British Food Journal, vol. 114, no. 7, 2012, pp. 997-1015. 13A Brun C Castelli, ‘The nature of luxury: A consumer perspective’, Internati onal Journal of retail and Distribution Management, vol. 41, no. 11, 2013, pp. 823-847. 14Kazmi, p. 78. 15K Al-Awadhi J Taylor, ‘Food safety challenges and initiatives in the Dubai hospitality industry’, Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, vol. 3, no. 5, 2011, pp. 443-449. 16C Frasha, Organic farming: The ecological system, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2009